Alliteration--The repetition of initial (first) consonant letters or sounds in word groups

Antagonist--The character in a story who works against the protaganist...the "bad guy."

Caricature--Exaggeration through distortion of traits or characteristics of a character.

Climax--The turning point of the story, typically the point of the highest tension of a story in which everything  that will happen is held in the balance.

Denouement--The 'falling action" of the story that typically follows the climax.

Dialogue--The conversation between the characters of the story.

Epilogue--The concluding part of a story, usually to bring closure.

External conflict--The struggle between a character and an outside force.

Foreshadowing--To give an indication of something in advance.

Hyperbole--A figure of speech which involves exaggeration. eg. Dumb as a door nail.

Internal conflict--The mental or emotional conflict from within a character that must be overcome in a story.

Metaphor--A figure of speech which compares two relatively unlike things.

Mood/Tone--The overriding feeling or emotion of a story.

Onomatopoeia--The use of words whose sounds suggest their name. eg. buzz, clang. 

Personification--Assigning human qualities to inanimate objects or ideas.

Point of View--The perspective from which a story is written...first person, third person, etc.

Prologue--An intoduction to the story.  It usually lays a foundation by using things related to the story about to be told.

Simile--A figure of speech which directly compares two unlike things using "like" or "as" to link them.

Structure--The organization of a story.

Theme--The main point or message of a story.

Unity--The overall sense of how everything in the story works and comes together.